Latest Posts

There are a couple problems with studying economics, generally speaking. First, it lies in this weird intersection of social science and math. Which means that it has the hard and fast rules of arithmatic, but with a lot of fuzziness that one might see in sociology. Which means that right-brained people have trouble with the analytical half of economics, while left-brained people have more trouble with the fact that people don't neatly fit into mathematical constructs. Second, in part because of that intersection, economists frequently don't fully understand the subject themselves. That's why you see what amounts to guesswork in even the most highly visible economic jobs in the world.

And because of all that, economics comes to the table with a bad rap. People are fearful of studying it, and if they are forced into an economics class, they subconsciously set themselves up for a difficult time. They expect teachers that talk in Ben Stein's monotonal voice, and to fall asleep as soon as they open the textbook.

Coming from that perspective, it's kind of gutsy to cover nearly half of the cover of Economix: How Our Economy Works (and Doesn't Work) with just the word "ECONOMIX." There's only so much excitement and interest an "X" can add to the word. What's also challenging is that, in flipping through the book, it still looks pretty text-heavy despite it being marketed as a comic book. It is indeed fully illustrated and laid out in a comic format, but there's a lot of very full dialogue boxes and speech balloons.

In reading through, it does feel a bit like author Michael Goodwin didn't write this as a comic. Or rather, he doesn't have experience writing comics, and his script was overly reliant on prose. But, the text itself is casual and relatively approachable. There's still some daunting subject matter to cover, but I found Goodwin's examples helpful in explaining everything. What I'm unsure of is how easy the text would remain if someone is trying to decipher economics for the first time; I have more than a few econ classes under my belt, so this was more of a refresher course for me in that sense. But it seemed easier and less convoluted than any of the textbooks I used.

In some respects, the book felt much like those white board style videos, in which an expert on some subjects talks for a few minutes while an artist provides cartoon illustrations on a dry erase board that coincide with the speech. I think that's they real key on which Economix hinges. If you just sit and listen to one of those videos, the talk is engaging enough, but can sometimes be monotonous to sit through. But by adding the illustrations, the viewer is more directly engaged with the content and is able to visualize some of the concepts in a more concrete fashion. The same holds true here: Goodwin's text by itself might be serviceable, but the illustrations are what draw readers in and focus on the material more directly.

Which leads me, of course, to the artist here: Dan E. Burr. Burr does a solid job interpretting Goodwin's text as illustrations. His generic characters are fairly simple and therefore rather approachable, but he also does a great job capturing the likenesses of historical individuals and keeping them in the same style. Even though it's not really relevant to the reader what, for example, Léon Walras looks like (he appears in exactly one panel in a non-speaking capacity) it's still good to see that Burr's done his homework here.

The only thing I might criticize about the artwork is that the backgrounds are a little too sparse, too often, in my opinion. Frequently, backgrounds are not included at all, leaving the figures on a stark background or, on occasion, with just a bit of cross-hatching in the corners. With the generally heavy text throughout the book, I think filling up some of the blank space with denser illustrations would have helped to break up the page a bit more visually.

Economics is a daunting subject, and even the comics version here clocks in at over 300 pages. But Goodwin and Burr do a good job bringing it down to a manageable and digestable level. Given that the economy, in some capacity, is almost the de facto headline of every newscast, I think it's a subject many more people need a better understanding of. And if you've been intimidated by it in the past, or if you're just not sure you want to wade through a slog of dry textbooks on the subject, Economix is a fine choice for getting yourself acquainted with the topic.
Here are this week's links to what I've had published recently...

Kleefeld on Comics: Miss Quinces Review
https://ift.tt/vPbTGgX

Kleefeld on Comics: Somebody, Make Some Bio-Webcomics!
https://ift.tt/hxyBQU1

Kleefeld on Comics: A Quick & Easy Guide to Asexuality Review
https://ift.tt/rVt1UWA

Kleefeld on Comics: The Mazengarb Report
https://ift.tt/bVrfzho


One of the things I've tried reading up on over the past couple years has been comics history outside of the US, Japan, and Europe. I think that with so many people considering comics an American art form, they tend to relay the medium's history in precisely those terms. Even many of the histories I've read of manga and European comics tend to talk about them in relation to the US. That's not entirely without justification, I suppose, but it does tend to mean other countries get an even shorter shrift. Now I don't claim to be an expert by any means, but how many of you even know that there are comics in Russia, much less a book written about their history? Mexico? Canada? India? Australia?

In any event, one of the things I've found interesting in my readings is that many countries experienced a backlash against the comics industry about a decade after World War II, in much the same way that the United States did. Each culture reacted differently, of course, and the impacts from the social fervor charted how comics came to be made in those respective societies. Where the US resorted to a form of self-censorship that sanitized much of what readers had available, and ultimately led to a swing towards underground comix, Mexico actually enacted legislation that essentially prevented what might have become an underground comix movement. I don't doubt that there were creators doing underground-type comics, but their distribution would have had to have been, for their own safety, even more covert than Tiajuana Bibles were in the 1920s and '30s.

So in that backdrop, I recently learned via Dylan Horrocks about New Zealand's reaction. Much like the US, there was a growing moral outrage against comics, but rather than having a Fredric Wertham beating an ongoing drum to rouse public interest, there were two legal cases (one murder and one underage sex ring) that came to light within a few days of each other in June 1954 that sparked New Zealand into action. A ministerial inquiry from "The Special Committee on Moral Delinquency in Children and Adolescents" was initiated, led by Queen's Counsel Ossie Mazengarb.

The committee ran things very quickly. Hearings lasted barely two months, and the resulting report was issued just over a week after that. Their findings were much harsher than Estes Kefauver's Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency here in the States, but they were unable to actually enact any legislation themselves, only making suggestions and strong recommendations. Not surprisingly, many of them focus on censoring depictions/discussion of sex.

The 70-some page report was then printed and mailed to every household in New Zealand. I don't know exactly how many copies that ended up being but the country's population was north of two million at the time, so I'm guessing somewhere in the one million range? It was evidently more than enough for postal service employees to complain about the huge amount of additional weight they suddenly had to account for.

The report is freely available in several electronic formats thanks to Project Gutenberg, so if you have any interest in how countries besides the US tried to censor our favorite medium in the 1950s, be sure to check it out!
Richard and Mildred Loving were a couple that had to sue the state of Virginia to legalize their marriage. It was considered illegal because it violated the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, which stated that in order "to preserve racial integrity" that white people could not marry "colored" people (which was defined as, basically, everybody not white). The Supreme Court ruled unanimously that not only was the Virginia law unconstitutional, but that ALL such laws were unconstitutional. It was a landmark decision and was used as a precedent for approving same sex marriages.

In 2012, before that second decision was made, Raighne Hogan ran a Kickstarter to publish an anthology of comic works promoting the idea of marriage equality. At the level I backed the project, it included a page of original art from Noah Van Sciver's contribution. That contribution was a ten page biography of the Lovings so, as a white man married to a Black woman, I was keenly interested in that story. I was later thrilled to receive the final page from the story (shown here) which includes a very poignant quote from Mildred Loving.

I have more pages of original comic art than I have available wall space. (Which is more a commentary on my lack of wall space than anything else!) So I sometimes swap out which pages I have up on display at any given time. But this Loving piece, because it encapsulates and represents why I was able to marry my wife, is always on display.

"Government has no business imposing some people's religious beliefs over others. Especially if it denies peoples civil rights." Just something that's been a little more towards the forefront of my thoughts the past week or so.
With a title like A Quick & Easy Guide to Asexuality, I probably shouldn't have to explain much about what this book is. But if you can't figure it out, the book is a guide to what asexuality is (and isn't) that is a pretty quick read and relatively easy to understand. I suppose they could've titled it the same and made it not that, either intentionally or not, but it very much is what it puports to be.

Creators Molly Muldoon and Will Hernandez walk readers through pretty much all the basics about asexuality. They present themselves in the book and talk directly to the reader in a casual manner, and bring in a variety of analogies and personal experiences to help explain some of the concepts. It's very much intended as a primer on the subject -- they're very upfront about not getting into a lot of detail and focusing on a broad overview -- and I think could be picked up by anyone without the slightest inkling of what asexuality is. But they never talk down to the reader or come across as condescending. (I don't think, at any rate. While I'm familiar with the topic, I'm certainly no expert, so maybe someone who is might feel differently.) The analogies are easy to grasp and I suspect more than a few people will start using them when others ask them questions.

Muldoon is creditted as the writer, and Hernandez the co-writer. I'm not sure how exactly the writing duties got split, but the dialogue is clear throughout. As I said, plenty of solid analogies and personal stories are used to make the subject relatable to someone for whom it's a totally foreign concept. (And given some of the questions they address, I have to believe they have indeed been asked precisely those 'are you even from this planet' sounding questions!) I'm always struck by people who struggle with the idea, but I guess it's just so anethma to everything they've experienced in their what-must-be-insanely-sheltered lives that they will ask seemingly absurd questions.

Hernandez's artwork is smooth and consistent throughout. In fact, he does quite well given that the book is basically two talking heads for all 70-ish pages. There's not a lot of elaborate backgrounds and the characters themselves are drawn relatively simply, but he maintains a consistent look for the two of them throughout and continues keeping them (and by extension the reader) engaged in what they're saying.

If I had to lodge a complaint of any kind, it would be that there are a few instances of the speech balloons crossing tails. And if you're not comics-pedantic enough to know what that means, then you probably won't even notice.

Honestly, I don't have a lot to say about this book. It is exactly as advertised. You've got questions? They've got answers. Boom. Done. It came out, I think, about a month and a half ago and is distributed by Simon & Schuster (though published by Limerence Press) so if it's not already at your favorite bookstore of choice, they should be able to order it for you for $7.99 US. Seems like a no-brainer if you asked me!
I've written before on the impact those Golden Legacy comics had on me as a child. They were instrumental in getting me to see history from a viewpoint other than the white-washed, nationalist version we had in our textbooks. And they set the stage for my learning more about racism, sexism, etc. decades later.

Those Golden Legacy comics weren't really activist in any way; they were pretty straight-forward history lessons, just told in a comic form. They covered parts of history that are frequently ignored, and simply added to my overall education. And there are books like that still being produced today. I reviewed Tales of the Talented Tenth: Bessie Stringfield a few weeks ago; John Lewis' March trilogy has gotten gobs of awards and acclaim; I've got biographic comics on everyone from Malcom X to John Mercer Langston (look him up). They're all pretty straight-forward histories, but what they do is legitimize Black history. They point to significant people and events that happened, but weren't covered in your grade school history class. They show readers that there's more to history than George Washington, Abe Lincoln, and Franklin Roosevelt.

And it's fantastic that different creators are putting these books out. That there are multiple comic biographies of Martin Luther King is just incredible! Kudos to anyone who has done or is doing these!

BUT! Where are the webcomic versions? Where are the biographies of Frederick McKinley Jones? Octavia Butler? Huey Newton? Mae Jemison? You're telling me no one is interested in a biography of Pam Grier!?!

Someone seriously needs to get on this! I think these stories deserve to be told with a high degree of quality, but I also think a mediocre version would do phenomenally well. Plus! PLUS! There's a more than fair chance that the comics would be shared around outside of Black communities, and you'll help enlighten some clueless white folks. Just like those Golden Legacy comics impacted me all those years ago!
Suyapa has a summer assignment to complete an autobiographical comic for a zine she and her friends are putting together for school in the fall. She feels stuck, though, because she can't think of anything with her life that might be interesting enough to write about, especially when all her friends get to do cool stuff. In fact, they'll all be going to camp in a few weeks while Suyapa will be dragged along to visit a bunch of relatives in Honduras for a month. Once down there, she does enjoy talking with her abuelita, but is frustrated and annoyed with all her other relatives who keep trying to drag her into doing things she has no interest in. Suyapa then learns that her mother has, in fact, planned a quinceañera over Suyapa's explict objections. They eventually reach a compromise where Suyapa will go through with the ceremony if her mother allows her to go to camp once they get home. Much of the book then follows Suyapa's prepations -- learning formal dances, choosing clothes, etc. -- but this is eventually sidelined when he grandmother dies, and it comes out that her mother never registered her for the camp and bookings are now closed. At the wake, Suyapa learns more about her family history and agrees to continue with her quinceañera, arguing that her grandmother didn't want her family to mourn but have a party anyway. The family is able to change some of the details of the ceremony to better fit Suyapa's personality, and she's able to complete her comic assignment on the plane back home, writing about the fun she ended up having with her family.

As a very white, very male American, I am not overly familiar with quinceañeras, and that's one of the reasons I picked up the book to begin with. I knew of them before now and their significance in some Latin cultures, but I was pretty ignorant of any specifics of what goes into them. Kat Fajardo does an excellent job of detailing all that by also making Suyapa only nominally aware of the preparation details; while her sister had hers a few years earlier, Sayupa essentially only saw the end result and was too young to have had much involvement in the planning. So any readers that are unfamiliar with things can learn along with Sayupa, and those who are familiar will likely identify with having had to learn that themselves.

I also quite liked the art throught the book. Miss Quinces is, I believe, Kat Farjardo's debut graphic novel and she avoided what I see in many debut graphic novelists in that they still seem to be getting comfortable with the mechanics of drawing an extended narrative; their figures often feel stiff and their backgrounds lacking in detail. Fajardo's figurework does feel fluid, and the environments are rendered with enough clarity that you do always get a sense of place. Sayupa's bedroom and home feel very distinct and different than her Honduran relatives' ones for example.

The basic story isn't overly complicated. Sayupa doesn't understand (and therefore get along well with) her various family members, but as she comes to learn more about them, she gains a greater appreciation for them. Throw in some general rifts, and you've got plenty of opportunity for conflicts and resolutions. Most of that is handled pretty well, but I felt there were two pieces that didn't quite work. One is that Suyapa is told repeatedly by several members of her family that she needs to stop caring what other people think and just do her own thing... except she spends most of the book capitulating on this quinceañera that she never wanted to do in the first place. So the message seems to be more: do your own thing except when it comes to your family. Her family does allow her to put her own spin on some of the traditions, but we see the comic that Suyapa put together for school at the end and she doesn't actually mention the quinceañera once. She talks about enjoying time with her family, particularly her abuela, but the quinceañera itself was ultimately not for her.

The other bit that didn't quite work for me is the turnaround Suyapa had for her entire family. As I said, at the start, she didn't really get along with them, except for her grandmother. We do get some moments of reconcilation with her mother and her older sister, but not with any of the rest of her family. She gained some understanding of two people, and she's now okay with everybody. Fair enough for her mom and sister, but I don't feel like anyone else earned it. I guess you can kind of assume Suyapa had similar moments with others, but given the number of relatives Suyapa has, I don't feel like two was enough to stand in for everyone.

Despite those issues I had, the book actually reads well. I am, as I noted, coming to this very much from a white male perspective and I realize my issues could just be from some cultural differences. I mean, the very notion of quinceañeras didn't even hit my radar until I was well into adulthood, so there could be some other familial mores at play here that I'm ignorant of. In her afterword, Fajardo notes that (sadly unsurprisingly) she didn't see many positive representations of Latinas in media growing up and Miss Quinces is precisely the type of thing she would've liked to have had available back then. The story showcases a life very different from my own and I'm very grateful for that as I'm able to learn more about people with different upbringings and where they're coming from. So to those who want to see more of what it's like to grow up being Honduran-American and to those Honduran-Americans who never see themselves in books, take a look at Miss Quinces. It came out just last week, but I'm already keeping an eye out for whatever Fajardo has coming out next.